Delta-8 vs. delta-9 vs. delta-10: What's the difference?
Medically Reviewed by: Dr. Caley Scott, ND
The rapid rise of the cannabis industry is raising questions.
One big question surrounds the most famous cannabinoid of all: THC. There are several types of THC in the cannabis plant, and they all bring something unique to the table. In today’s article, we’re examining the trio of delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC compounds and finding the differences between each.
These variations appear more commonly on shelves and online, so it’s worth knowing the background of each one before taking your cannabis regimen to the next level.
What is THC?
Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is the most widely known and extensively studied cannabinoid in the cannabis plant. For decades, researchers have drilled down into the chemical structure of THC and discovered more about how it interacts with the body, specifically in line with the endocannabinoid system.
Despite there being more than 100 unique cannabinoids, THC gets the most attention for a few reasons. Firstly, it’s one of the most prominent compounds by weight in the cannabis plant and is even present in smaller concentrations in the hemp plant.
Most notably, THC produces psychoactive effects in those who consume it, making it synonymous with the “high” feeling from smoking or eating cannabis edibles. When you hear someone mention THC, you can be sure they’re talking about the classic cannabis buzz that affects so many parts of the body and mind.*
THC is also the subject of controversy due to its legal status. While compounds like CBD have not received as much scrutiny because of their non-psychoactive effects, THC has been illegal around the world for decades until recent regulatory changes in the United States.
The good news is that the tide is turning on THC as researchers and cannabis entrepreneurs seek the truth and share it with others through resources and products. Still, there’s a lot to learn about the compound, and analyzing specific types of THC is a good way to get there.
What to know about the molecular structure of THC isomers
THC comes in different forms, with delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 being the most talked about. The key to understanding how these variants affect you lies in their molecular structure, specifically the position of a double bond.
Delta-9 THC, the most well-known and naturally abundant in cannabis, has a double bond on the ninth carbon atom in its chain. This placement plays a big role in how it binds to cannabinoid receptors in your body, leading to the psychoactive effects that many people associate with THC.
Delta-8 THC, on the other hand, has its double bond on the eighth carbon atom. This slight change makes a difference in its potency and the type of experience it delivers, often resulting in a milder, more relaxed high compared to delta-9.*
Then there’s delta-10 THC, with the double bond on — you guessed it — the tenth carbon. While it’s not as potent as delta-9 or even delta-8, delta-10 is gaining attention for its potential to offer more subtle, uplifting effects without the intensity. These differences in molecular structure make each THC variant unique in how it interacts with your body and mind, giving you options based on the experience you’re seeking.*
What is delta-8 THC?
Delta-8 THC is a naturally occurring cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. It has a familiar chemical structure to standard THC, though most strains of cannabis do not contain high concentrations of the compound.
Therefore, the recent breakout of delta-8 products is not due to direct extraction from plant materials but rather a chemical process whereby CBD is converted into delta-8 before infusion into various product types.
Delta-8 is largely known as a safe and stable way to consume THC, so long as you rely on trusted sources and transparent manufacturers. Delta-8 products tend to be found in gummy or capsule form, but oils and water-soluble drops are also on the rise.
How does delta-8 THC affect the body?
Because delta-8 shares most of its structure with THC in its pure form, you can expect a familiar response from the body and mind when these products are consumed.
Delta-8 interacts with the CB1 and CB2 receptors throughout the endocannabinoid system, which can be found in various nerves and synapses across the body. The brain, organs, skin, muscle tissue, and even bones are included in the body’s endocannabinoid system, and delta-8 can affect them all in subtle ways.*
Users report similar sensations to standard cannabis when taking delta-8, including feelings of relaxation, soothing tension, reduced discomfort, and general well-being.* However, delta-8’s effects are known to be somewhat less potent compared to the average cannabis high.*
What is delta-9 THC?
Delta-9 THC is a highly abundant cannabinoid found in the cannabis sativa plant and the primary form of THC discussed in scientific and commercial spheres. More often than not, when you hear the term “THC,” delta-9 is the compound in question.
The compound is metabolized quickly, especially when smoked, as it enters the bloodstream and affects the brain within a matter of minutes. Consuming delta-9 via edibles can take longer to kick in, though the effects may last slightly longer, especially when taken with healthy fat sources.*
The appeal of delta-9 is its availability in many different formats, many of which have been made legal with state regulations in recent years. In a more controversial turn, delta-9 isolate products became more prominent under the 2018 Farm Bill, sparking legal discussions and bringing up the dangers of loopholes.
Natural sources of delta-9 are always preferred over synthetic versions, so be sure to look for products that are upfront about quality sourcing, manufacturing, and lab testing.
How does delta-9 THC affect the body?
As the main active cannabinoid in cannabis, THC's key psychoactive properties and therapeutic benefits can often be attributed to delta-9.*
This compound binds heavily with CB1 receptors in the ECS and slightly less with CB2. Delta-9 consumption will cause the “fuzzy” feeling that changes perception, alters sensory experience, and may help with feelings of discomfort or tension.*
Serving size and timing greatly impact how delta-9 impacts the body and mind, and effects can be felt in amounts as little as 3 mg. When taking delta-9, always start with lower amounts to gain comfort and familiarity with the experience.
Delta-9 has its benefits when taken properly, of course, and is best consumed with the entourage effect in mind. We recommend taking delta-9 in a balanced formula with other cannabinoids like CBD and other terpenes found naturally in the plant.*
What is delta-10 THC?
Delta-10 THC is yet another cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant, with a slightly different chemical structure from its THC cousins. Like delta-8, most delta-10 products are made through conversion processes from delta-9 or CBD.
Many delta-10 products are found in vape form, while others are tinctures, oils, gummies, or baked good edibles. Because it’s not as well-known or widely available as delta-9 or CBD, you’ll often find delta-10 combined with delta-8 or a mix of other cannabinoids.
Delta-10 THC is still among the less regulated and researched types of THC, so the same recommendations apply. Stay informed on where your delta-10 products come from and how they’re made, and be sure to account for lab results and other ingredients in the formulations.
How does delta-10 THC affect the body?
Delta-10 has similar effects to the other forms of THC, although it’s thought to be less potent than delta 9. This puts it closer to delta-8 regarding potency, but the effects are slightly different due to its interaction with different aspects of the ECS.
This is because delta-10 interacts primarily with the CB2 receptors, which tend to be associated with milder effects and more of a cerebral, uplifting feeling.* You might not experience the same degree of physical relaxation with delta-10, but you will also avoid some of the downsides like paranoia or racing thoughts.
What are the main differences between delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC?
We’ve outlined some of the characteristics of the three primary forms of THC, but let’s reiterate the main differences between them all.
Consider delta-9 THC as the main form of THC and the one with the most potent psychoactive effects. If you encounter a cannabis product boasting a high concentration of THC, you can generally expect delta-9 to be the primary active ingredient.
Delta-9 does most of the heavy lifting in modulating the ECS and interacts substantially with the CB1 and CB2 receptors. It’s also the most widely known cannabinoid next to CBD, and you’ll find specific formulations like full spectrum CBD with trace amounts of delta-9 in the certificate of analysis.
Delta-8 differs from delta 9 in structure, effects, and availability in the cannabis plant. The compound doesn’t occur naturally and is often converted from CBD or synthesized through other means.
Delta-8 interacts mainly with the CB1 receptors, though its potency is roughly half that of standard THC. The milder high means that users may get fewer benefits but also reduce their chances of negative side effects.*
Finally, delta-10 is considered a half step down from delta-8, with even less potency and more of a focus on cerebral sensations. Users may not get the physiological benefits of standard THC from delta-10, though these formulations may be better for high-energy, engaged activities.
What are the potential wellness benefits of each THC variant?
Each THC variant offers its own set of potential benefits, making them appealing for different reasons. Let’s dive into what delta-9, delta-8, and delta-10 can do for your wellness.
Delta-9 THC benefits
Delta-9 THC is the most researched of the three and the most abundant naturally occurring form of THC in the cannabis plant. It’s well-known for its ability to lift your mood, ease feelings of discomfort and tension, and bring about a calming effect.*
People often turn to delta-9 for its notable high, which often includes feelings of euphoria, a boost in creativity, and a general sense of inspiration.* It’s the go-to option for those looking to tap into the full range of what cannabis can offer, from mental relaxation to creative exploration.
Delta-8 THC benefits
While delta-8 THC hasn’t been studied as extensively as delta-9, early research and user experiences suggest it has its own set of appealing benefits. The effects of delta-8 are typically more mellow, delivering a more relaxing and manageable experience.* It’s like a gentler version of delta-9, helping to soothe tension and discomfort without the intensity.
This makes delta-8 a great option for those who want to relax and unwind without the stronger effects associated with delta-9. Because it is less psychoactive, delta-8 is also considered less likely to cause certain negative effects like paranoia, making it a more approachable choice for those new to THC.*
Delta-10 THC benefits
Delta-10 THC is still in the early stages of research, but what we do know is promising. It’s considered less potent than both delta-8 and delta-9, which might be appealing if you’re looking for something that offers more subtle effects.*
Delta-10 is often associated with an uplifting, energizing sensation, which can be great for those looking to stay active and engaged throughout the day.
While more studies are needed to fully understand its benefits, delta-10 in its natural form is shaping up to be an option for those who want a milder, more focused experience that doesn’t overwhelm.*
What are the different forms of THC products?
When choosing between delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC, it’s important to also consider the form in which you consume these cannabinoids. The delivery method can impact everything from the onset of effects to how long those effects last.
Oils and tinctures
Oils and tinctures are among the most versatile THC products available. They’re typically taken sublingually, meaning you place a few drops under your tongue. This allows the THC to be absorbed directly into your bloodstream, leading to faster effects — often within 15 to 30 minutes. The effects can last anywhere from 4 to 6 hours, making it a reliable option for sustained relief.
One of the main benefits of oils and tinctures is the ability to customize your serving size. Most come with a dropper, letting you measure an exact amount and adjust as needed. You can find flavored options to mask the natural taste of hemp or stick with unflavored varieties if you prefer a more natural experience.
Oils and tinctures are ideal for those who want control over their THC intake and appreciate a quicker onset of effects.
Gummies and edibles
Gummies and other edibles offer a delicious and discreet way to enjoy THC. These products are infused with specific amounts of THC, making it easy to know exactly how much you’re consuming.
Because edibles need to pass through your digestive system before taking effect, they typically take 30 minutes to an hour to kick in. However, the upside is that the effects tend to last longer — up to eight hours or more — due to the slower absorption rate.
Gummies often come with added ingredients for extra wellness benefits, making them more than just a tasty treat. They also provide a consistent dose, so there’s no guesswork involved. If you’re new to THC or want to start with a lower amount, you can easily cut gummies into smaller pieces to better manage your intake.
Topicals
Topical THC products are designed for targeted relief of discomfort and physical manifestations of stress.
Unlike other forms of THC, topicals are applied directly to the skin and do not enter the bloodstream in significant amounts. This means they’re unlikely to cause any psychoactive effects or alter your mental state. You can use topicals as needed throughout the day, making them a convenient option for localized issues like muscle tension or joint discomfort.
Topicals are an excellent choice if you’re looking for relief without the full-body effects of ingestible THC.
Are delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC all legal?
The legality of these cannabinoids varies based on their concentrations and the region in question. The Farm Bill of 2018 states that CBD products containing natural THC in concentrations of 0.3% or less are legal at the federal level, but some manufacturers have found loopholes allowing higher-serving products to hit the marketplace.
For instance, you may find a delta-9 brownie weighing an ounce with only 0.3% THC, but in total, it still packs 20 mg of active cannabinoids. While this is technically legal, this approach raises concerns about who might access these products and whether they can be consumed safely.
Even though each delta variation of THC is legal, you must always read your labels and COAs to know what you’re getting into!
Can the different variants of THC show up on a drug test?
Drug tests are commonly used to detect the presence of THC in your system. These tests typically look for the metabolites produced when your body processes THC rather than the cannabinoid itself.
Since delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC are all forms of THC, they can all potentially trigger a positive result on a drug test.
Delta-9 THC is the most likely to show up due to its higher potency and prevalence in cannabis products. Delta-8 and delta-10, while milder, can still be detected because they metabolize similarly in the body. If you’re concerned about passing a drug test, it’s crucial to be mindful of the THC products you’re using.
There are a few strategies to consider for those worried about drug tests. Opt for topical products, which are less likely to be absorbed into the bloodstream in significant amounts. You could also choose CBD products with little to no THC to reduce the risk of a positive result.
Always check the product’s Certificate of Analysis (COA) to ensure you’re aware of the THC content, and remember that even small amounts of THC can accumulate in your system over time.
Are there any risks associated with delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC?
Few risks have been associated with delta THC variations in their natural forms, but we advise paying attention to key factors that may introduce concerns.
Some delta products are produced with untested solvents or chemical processes, while others may feature ingredients without a clear origin or profile.
Like all things in the cannabis world, transparency and lab reports are critical, so always make these a top priority when making your picks.
What potential side effects are associated with THC?
While delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC offer various wellness benefits, it’s essential to be aware of potential side effects and risks. As a psychoactive compound, for instance, Delta-9 can sometimes lead to nervousness, increased heart rate, or even paranoia — particularly when taken in high doses. THC consumption may also lead to temporary dry mouth or red eyes.
Delta-8 THC, while milder, can still cause similar side effects, especially if taken in large amounts or when consuming low-quality products. Delta-10 THC, though less potent, may also lead to discomfort if the products aren’t sourced or processed correctly.
One of the most significant factors contributing to side effects is the quality of the product. Delta-8 and delta-10 THC products often undergo chemical alterations, and if these processes aren’t handled carefully, they can leave behind harmful solvents or contaminants. This is why choosing high-quality products from trusted brands is crucial to minimize risks and ensure a safer experience.
Which THC product is best for you?
Choosing the right THC product depends on your personal goals, preferences, and how you plan to use it. To help you decide, here are some important factors to consider:
How is it sourced?
The way THC is sourced plays a key role in product quality. Because delta-9 THC is abundant in cannabis plants, it is easier to extract directly from hemp or cannabis without extensive chemical processes. Many people prefer delta-9 for this clean and natural sourcing method.
In contrast, delta-8 THC and delta-10 THC are considered minor cannabinoids that are only found in trace amounts in hemp and cannabis plants, making them harder to isolate and extract naturally.
Because of this, these forms of THC are often created synthetically by converting other cannabinoids, such as CBD. This process can involve solvents or intense chemical treatments, so it’s essential to research where your products come from.
Look for companies that provide third-party testing lab reports, which verify the absence of chemical residues or contaminants. At Sunmed, all of our cannabinoids are responsibly sourced from trusted hemp biomass, and every batch undergoes rigorous third-party testing to ensure safety and purity.
Legality
Understanding state laws is crucial when selecting a THC product.
While delta-9 THC sourced from cannabis is still classified as a controlled substance at the federal level, many states have already legalized cannabis for recreational use, and hemp-derived delta-9 is legal in many states if its concentration is 0.3% or less.
Because delta-10 and delta-8 THC products can be synthetically formed from hemp-derived CBD, a number of manufacturers have used this as a loophole to create highly potent (but technically legal) products.
In response, some states have restricted or banned the use of synthetic cannabinoids like delta-8 and delta-10, even if they are technically derived from hemp.
If you’re unsure about the legal status of THC in your state, check local regulations before making a purchase. Knowing the laws in your area ensures you choose a product that aligns with both your needs and legal requirements.
Effects
The effects of THC vary based on the type and concentration of the cannabinoid. Delta-9 THC is known for its strong psychoactive effects and is often preferred for relaxation, creativity, or managing feelings of tension.*
Delta-8 THC offers a milder, more calming experience, making it ideal for unwinding or supporting sleep.* Delta-10 THC is associated with uplifting, energizing effects and is often chosen for focus or daytime activities.*
Even though delta-8 and delta-10 are naturally less potent, synthetic forms may be more concentrated. Always check the product’s potency to ensure it meets your expectations and use responsibly to avoid any adverse effects.
By considering sourcing, legality, and the benefits of delta THC products, you can confidently select a cannabis-derived option that suits your lifestyle.
What are some tips for using THC safely?
To enjoy the benefits of THC while minimizing risks, it’s important to take a few key precautions.
First, always start with a low dose — we recommend no more than 2.5 mg — especially if you’re new to THC or trying a different variant. Give your body time to adjust, and wait at least a few hours before taking more to avoid overwhelming effects.
When choosing THC products, look for those that have undergone third-party testing. These tests ensure the product is free from harmful solvents and contaminants, and they verify the cannabinoid content so you know exactly what you’re consuming.
Avoid products that make false claims about treating specific medical conditions, as this is prohibited under FDA guidelines and often a red flag for low-quality products.
At Sunmed, we’re committed to your safety and wellness. We use only hemp-derived cannabinoids and ensure all ingredients are clean and natural for added wellness. Every product is backed by third-party test results and is available online for complete transparency. This way, you can feel confident in your choices, knowing that you’re getting the best in quality and care.
The bottom line
Delta-8, delta-9, and delta-10 THC have plenty in common, but the differences are significant.
This article should provide a good primer to get started with these variations and use them safely in your daily routine.
Sunmed offers delta-9 gummies with CBD for a full spectrum entourage effect, plus a gentle formulation of delta-8 with hemp extract and trace amounts of delta-9. These are the perfect ways to start your cannabis journey with only the best ingredients and zero guesswork.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - StatPearls | NCBI Bookshelf
5 Things to Know About delta 8 Tetrahydrocannabinol | NIH
Cannabidiol as the Substrate in Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization | ACS
delta 8 THC: delta 9 THC’s nicer younger sibling? | PMC
delta 8 THC and Other THC Analogues | Washington State House Commerce
Is delta 10 Legal in Florida? | Florida Cannabis Information
Chemistry, Metabolism, and Toxicology of Cannabis: Clinical Implications | PMC
Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (CHEBI:66964) | ChEBI
Actions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis | PMC