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CBD for seizures: Research-backed benefits
Discover how CBD may support seizure management, including research on FDA-approved uses, forms of CBD, and potential risks and benefits.
Seizure disorders affect millions of people worldwide, posing unique challenges for those with drug-resistant epilepsy. For these individuals, finding effective treatment options is a priority, but conventional approaches often fall short.
CBD, or cannabidiol, derived from the cannabis plant, is gaining attention as a promising tool in seizure management.* This hemp-based compound is at the center of ongoing research, especially in medical cannabis studies and FDA-approved therapies. Its potential as a treatment option has sparked curiosity, offering hope to individuals and families seeking new ways to address seizure disorders.
What to know about seizures and epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological condition marked by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It is an umbrella term that covers various types of epilepsy, each with its unique challenges.
Childhood epilepsy, for example, often involves severe forms like Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) and Dravet Syndrome. These syndromes are difficult to manage and are classified as treatment-resistant epilepsy, meaning traditional anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) may not adequately control seizure activity.
Other conditions like tuberous sclerosis complex further complicate treatment, as they often involve refractory epilepsy — seizures that persist despite the use of multiple AEDs. While AEDs remain a cornerstone in seizure management and the treatment of epilepsy, their limitations highlight the need for alternative approaches.
This is where CBD and other cannabinoids come into the picture, offering potential support for those with drug-resistant forms of epilepsy.
What is CBD?
CBD, short for cannabidiol, is one of the many cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. It is most abundant in hemp, a variety of cannabis with low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Unlike THC, CBD is non-psychoactive, meaning it does not alter a person’s mental state or cause a high. Instead, CBD is valued for its potential role in supporting overall wellness, including its calming and supportive effects on the body.*
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a key role here. This system, naturally present in all humans, helps regulate essential functions like mood, sleep, and neurological activity.* CBD interacts with the ECS to promote balance, making it a fascinating area of study for seizure management.
How does CBD work with the endocannabinoid system?
The pharmacology of cannabinoids, including CBD, lies in their interaction with the ECS. This system consists of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids (naturally occurring compounds in the body) like anandamide and 2-AG, and enzymes that regulate their activity.
The two primary receptors, CB1 and CB2, are distributed throughout the brain and body. CB1 receptors are primarily involved in neurological processes, while CB2 receptors play a role in immune system regulation.
While THC binds directly to CB1 receptors, leading to psychoactive effects, CBD works differently. It modulates the activity of the ECS by supporting the body’s natural endocannabinoids, rather than binding directly to these receptors.* This nuanced interaction is believed to contribute to CBD’s ability to influence seizure activity without causing adverse mental effects.
The result is a compound that can support neurology and potentially reduce seizure frequency without the psychoactive effects associated with THC.*
CBD and seizures: what does the science say?
Scientific studies on CBD treatment for seizures have been groundbreaking. Clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to significantly reduce seizure frequency in specific seizure disorders.*
Currently, the only form of CBD that is approved for medical use by the FDA is Epidiolex, a prescription CBD-based used for both pediatric epilepsy as well as adult patients. Epodiolex is currently approved as a form of treatment for three forms of seizure disorders: Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex.
What about other forms of CBD?
While Epidiolex is a great option for many, it’s not approved to treat all kinds of seizures. This gap has led researchers to study whether other forms of CBD can help manage seizures. In this field, researchers have begun to identify some of the ways that CBD may work with neuron signaling pathways in the brain to help block signals associated with seizures.*
Research led by experts like Dr. Orrin Devinsky and published in journals like Epilepsia has further validated CBD’s potential. One study suggests that adding CBD to existing antiepileptic drug regimens may enhance their efficacy in reducing seizure activity.*
Another study found that the use of CBD may also limit adverse effects associated with anti-seizure medications.* Participants in this study also reported that the calming effects of CBD benefited their overall quality of life while navigating the challenges of epilepsy.
CBD’s potential in promoting relaxation, supporting sleep quality, and encouraging healthy stress levels underscores its value as a complementary wellness option for individuals managing epilepsy and related challenges.*
What forms of CBD are available?
CBD is available in various formulations to suit different preferences and needs. Oils and tinctures are among the most popular, offering precise dosing and rapid absorption.
Gummies and capsules provide a convenient, tasteless option, while topical applications may appeal to those seeking targeted support. Supplements are another way to incorporate CBD into daily routines.
For those exploring medical cannabis products, formulations that combine CBD with THC in controlled ratios are available. These products aim to enhance the overall effect through the entourage effect, which can occur when cannabinoids and terpenes work synergistically to enhance their benefits.*
Caregivers and patients should consider factors like quality of life, ease of use, and prescribing practices when choosing a CBD product. Ensuring high-quality, well-regulated options is key to maximizing benefits.
Are there any risks to using CBD for seizures?
CBD is generally well-tolerated, with most people experiencing minimal side effects. However, some may encounter mild issues such as drowsiness, sleepiness, or nausea.
To limit these risks, it’s best to start with a low serving size and gradually increase as needed, always following product instructions. Choosing high-quality CBD products from reputable sources is also essential.
Drug interactions are another consideration. CBD may affect how antiepileptic drugs like clobazam and rufinamide are metabolized by enzymes, potentially altering their effectiveness. This makes it important for healthcare providers to monitor for any adverse events and adjust dosages as necessary.
Balancing benefits with potential risks ensures a safe and effective experience for those incorporating CBD into their treatment plan.
The bottom line
CBD has emerged as a compelling option for supporting individuals with seizure disorders, especially those with drug-resistant seizures. The only FDA-approved use for CBD is in Epidiolex, designed specifically for LGS and Dravet Syndrome. However, ongoing research suggests that non-prescription CBD products may also play a role in managing seizure activity and improving quality of life.*
For those considering CBD, collaboration with healthcare providers and caregivers is crucial to achieve the best outcomes. Understanding the science, monitoring for risks, and choosing high-quality products are all key steps to making the most of what cannabidiol has to offer.
*This statement has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Sources:
Drug Resistant Epilepsy | Epilepsy
Epilepsy - Symptoms and causes | Mayo Clinic
The endocannabinoid system: Essential and mysterious | Harvard Health
Study Reveals How Cannabidiol Counters Epileptic Seizures | NYU Langone News
CB1 Receptor Signaling in the Brain: Extracting Specificity from Ubiquity | PMC